Python is a great language for beginners because it’s easy to read and write. You can use it for many things like making websites, analyzing data, or even creating smart programs. Python comes with lots of ready-to-use tools and doesn’t need complicated code. It can do different types of programming, so you can choose what fits best for your project. Overall, it’s a friendly language that’s perfect for starting your coding journey!
Basics For Python
Now we will talk about some basics for Python programming language, which will help you to understand Python more clearly.
Variable
The first concept in the Basics For Python is variables. variables are like containers that hold information or values. When we create a variable, we give it a name and assign it a value using the equal sign (‘=’). For example, ‘x = 8’ means that the ‘x’ variable holds the value 8 in it. Variables in Python are dynamic, meaning they can change their value during the program. This flexibility allows us to store and manipulate different types of data, such as numbers, strings, lists, and more.
Python variables make it easy to work with data and perform operations like calculations, comparisons, and data transformations in your programs.
Let us understand a Variable more clearly with the help of an example:
X = 9
Name = “Hello”
Num_ber = 3.14
Here in the above example, the X variable is assigned a value of 9, the name variable is assigned a value of “Hello” and the Num_ber variable is assigned a value of 3.14.
Also note that you can only use letters, numbers, and underscores to define a variable. Variables in Python are case-sensitive.
Data Types
Another concept in Basics for Python is of Data Types, Data types support various Data Types to store different kinds of information. These data types include-
- integers
- floats
- strings
- Booleans
- lists
- Tuples
- sets
Each data type has its different purpose and usage, we can use any one of them according to our requirements.
We have explained all the data types in detail below for your better understanding.
-
- Integers: Integer data type is used to define whole numbers. (Like- 1,2,3,….,10, etc).
- Float: Float Data Type is used to define decimal numbers in the python programming language. (Like- 23.14, 32.99, etc.)
- Strings: A string is a sequence of characters that is used to define an English alphabet or words. (Like- “hello”, or “apple”).
- Boolean: A boolean data type is used to define the values in true and false or in 0/1 only.
- Lists: A list is a collection of Elements that are ordered and mutable, this means that elements can be changed and modified even after creating the list.
- Tuples: Tuples in the Data types are also used to define an Ordered collection of elements similar to that of lists but the difference is it is immutable.
- Sets: Sets are used to define elements in the ordered list, where each element is unique and duplication of elements is not permitted.
Let us take a example to understand all these terms in a better way-
| # Integer variable
my_integer = 10 # String variable my_string = “Hello, there!” # Boolean variable is_true = True # List variable my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] # Float variable my_float = 3.14 # Printing the variables print(“Integer:”, my_integer) print(“String:”, my_string) print(“Boolean:”, is_true) print(“List:”, my_list) print(“Float:”, my_float) |
Operators In Python
Operators in Python are defined as symbols or special keywords that are used to perform operations on variables and values. There are various types of operators in Python, These operators are essential for performing various tasks in Python programming, from simple arithmetic calculations to complex logical evaluations.
- Arithmetic Operators: These operators (+, -, *, /, %, //, **) are used for basic mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation.
- Comparison Operators: These operators (==, !=, >, <, >=, <=) are used to compare values and return a Boolean result (True or False) based on the comparison.
- Logical Operators: These operators (and, or, not) are used to combine multiple conditions and evaluate them together. ‘and’ returns True if both conditions are True and ‘or’ returns True if at least one condition is True.
- Assignment Operators: These operators (=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, //=, **=) are used to assign values to variables and perform operations at the same time. For example, += adds a value to the variable and assigns the result back to the variable.
- Identity Operators: These operators (is, is not) are used to compare the memory locations of two objects. ‘is’ returns True if both variables point to the same memory location, while ‘is not’ returns True if they point to different memory locations.
- Membership Operators: These operators (in, not in) are used to check if a value exists in a sequence (like a list, tuple, or string). ‘in’ returns True if the value is present, while ‘not in’ returns True if the value is not present.
Conditional Statements
Another concept in Basics For Python includes conditional statements, these statements are used to execute certain codes based on certain conditions.
The most common type of conditional statement that is widely used is if-else statement.
Let us understand the “if else” statement in detail
| x = 5
if x > 0: print(“x is positive”) else: print(“x is negative”) |
Here in this example, we can see that, we have 2 conditions for “X” defining whether “X” is positive or negative.
So if X is greater than zero, the code will print “X is Positive” or else it will print “X is negative”.
Loops
Loops in Python are used to repeat a block of code multiple times. Loops are mainly classified into two types based on their functions:
We will be discussing these types below for your better understanding.
For Loop:
The for loop is used to iterate over a sequence (such as a list, tuple, or string) or any iterable object. It executes a block of code for each item in the sequence.
| # Example of a for loop
fruits = [“apple”, “banana”, “Cherry”] for fruit in fruits: print(fruit) |
| #output
apple banana Cherry |
While Loop:
The while loop continues to execute a block of code as long as a specified condition is true. It’s useful when the number of iterations are not known before executing the code.
| # Example of a while loop
count = 0 while count < 5: print(count) count += 1 In this code, while loop will start running from 0 and will run until the value of “Count” remains less than 5, whenever value matches equal to or more than 5 then the loop will exit. |
| #output
0 1 2 3 4 |
Libraries
Libraries in Python are collections of pre-written code that provide ready-to-use functions, modules, and tools that make Python easy to use by developers.
The libraries enhance the capabilities of the language making it widely used by developers in various domains, including data science, web development, machine learning, and more.
A list of various libraries used in Python is given below for your reference:
| S.No. | Libraries | Thier Uses |
| 1 | NumPy | For numerical computing and array operations. |
| 2 | Pandas | For data manipulation and analysis with data structures like DataFrames. |
| 3 | SciPy | For scientific computing, optimization, and statistics. |
| 4 | Matplotlib | For data visualization, plotting graphs, and charts. |
| 5 | Scikit- Learn | For machine learning algorithms, data preprocessing, and model evaluation. |
| 6 | TensorFlow | An open-source machine learning platform developed by Google. |
| 7 | PyTorch | A deep learning framework with dynamic computation graphs. |
| 8 | Beautiful Soup | For web scraping and parsing HTML/XML documents. |
| 9 | OpenCV | For computer vision tasks like image processing and object detection. |
Class and Objects in Python
In Basics For Python, a class is a blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines the properties and behaviors that objects of that class will have.
For example, a class named Car may have properties like color, brand, and speed, along with behavior like acceleration and brake.
On the other hand, An object is an instance of a class. Objects represent specific instances with unique values for their attributes. For instance, if we create an object my_car from the Car class, my_car will have its own color, brand, and speed, and can perform actions like accelerating and braking.
An example of Class an Object is given below for your reference:
| # Define a class named Person
class Person: # Constructor method to initialize attributes def __init__(self, name, age): self.name = name self.age = age # Method to greet the person def greet(self): print(“Hello, my name is”, self.name, “and I am”, self.age, “years old.”) # Create an object of the Person class person1 = Person(“Sahil”, 21) # Access object attributes and call object methods print(“Person’s name:”, person1.name) print(“Person’s age:”, person1.age) person1.greet() # Call the greet method |
| #Output
Person’s name: Sahil Person’s age: 21 Hello, my name is Sahil and I am 21 years old. |
Learn Python with PW Skills
Want to learn Python but don’t know where to start from? Don’t worry PW Skills is here for you!
Enroll in our comprehensive Python programming course to become a master of Python language.
This course will provide you with a dedicated roadmap, training with expert industrialists and a regular doubt-clearing session, that will help you to become a professional developer.
The plus point of this course is that it provides a 100% job assistance program which will help you to start your career.
Basics For Python FAQs
What are variables in Python?
Variables in Python are used to store data values. They are containers that hold information, such as numbers, strings, lists, or other objects. Variables are created by assigning a value to a name using the assignment operator.
What are data types in Python?
Python has several built-in data types, including integers, floats, strings, booleans, tuples, and sets. Each data type represents different kinds of data and has specific properties and operations.
What are conditional statements in Python?
Conditional statements, such as if and else if are used to make decisions in Python based on certain conditions. They allow the program to execute different blocks of code depending on the true or false nature of specified conditions.
