Python Operators are special symbols available in Python programming which is used to perform various operations on variables and values. These computational operators are used to perform operations based on simplification. It is very much important to learn about Python operators for managing data effectively.
In this tutorial we will learn about various Python operators such as boolean, identity, concatenation, and other operators. You will also learn how to solve complex expressions using Python operators.
Getting Started With Operators And Expression Solving
We can easily solve various operations using an operator using the combinations of symbols. There are three types of Python operators such as operands on which the operation is done. If the operation is done with a single operand, then the operator is unary.
When the operator involves two operands then the operator is binary. For example, in Python programming you can use the Not operator to reverse the actual value of Python programming.
| a = True
print(not a) |
The Python variable a contains true value when we use the NOT binary operator. We are using the not operator as a unary operator which is used to reverse the boolean value of expression in Python programming.
Simple Example of Python Operators In Programming
Many Python operators are available in Python language by default where you can also create or modify your operator based on the requirement. Let us use a Python operator as a combination of symbols, or a keyword based on the type of operators.
For example, let us get the answers for the following expression in Python programming.
| 425 == 425
True |
Well the result was true because both the numbers are compared and checked whether they are equal or not. We are using this (==) operator used to compare two numbers. You will get true as a result of the double equal to operator.
Types of Python Operators In Programming Language
Let us list some of the major types of Python operators in the programming language.
- Assignment Operator
- Arithmetic Operators
- Boolean/Logical Operators
- Membership Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Identity Operators
- Concatenation Operators
1. Assignment Operators
The assignment operator in Python is used to assign or allot values to the variable in Python. The symbol of Python assignment operators (=). Let us check a simple example to understand more about Assignment operators.
| x = 10
x += 5 print (x) |
Output
 |
2. Arithmetic Operator
The Python arithmetic operator comprises addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. You can easily perform all these operations using the double Python arithmetic operator. Let us take an example of an arithmetic operator in Python to learn more.
| Operator | Meaning | Example |
| + | Addition | 10 + 5 = 15 |
| – | Subtraction | 10 – 5 = 5 |
| * | Multiplication | 10 * 5 = 50 |
| / | Division | 10 / 2 = 5.0 |
| // | Floor Division | 10 // 3 = 3 |
| % | Modulus | 10 % 3 = 1 |
| ** | Exponentiation | 2 ** 3 = 8 |
These Python operators are used for performing basic mathematical operations.
| a = 10
b = 3 print(a + b, a // b, a ** b) |
Output
 |
3. Boolean Operators
The boolean operator is used to check expression for true or false value. They are also used to combine conditional statements using and, or and not values.
| a = True
b = False print(a and b) print(a or b) |
Output
 |
4. Membership Operators in Python
The Membership operators are used to check if the value is a member of a sequence such as list, tuple, or strings. We can use the in and not in operator to evaluate whether the particular item is present in the list or container.
- in operator: The in operator in Python is used to check if a specific element is present in a container like list, tuple or not. If it is present then we get a true value in return. For example, if we are checking for “a” in “cat” then it returns true.
- not in operator: This will return you with true if the value is not present inside the list, tuple or the data structure. For example, when we are checking for “z” in “cat” which is not present inside this string and hence it is true.
Let us take a common example to understand the working of membership operators in Python.
| fruits = [‘apple’, ‘banana’]
print(‘apple’ in fruits) print(‘mango’ not in fruits) |
Output
 |
5. Bitwise Operators
The bitwise operator in Python is used to work on bits and perform bit by bit operations. Let us check more than one type of bitwise operators in Python programming.
| Operator | Meaning | Example |
| & | AND | 5 & 3 = 1 |
| ` | ` | OR |
| ^ | XOR | 5 ^ 3 = 6 |
| ~ | NOT (invert bits) | ~5 = -6 |
| << | Left shift | 5 << 1 = 10 |
| >> | Right shift | 5 >> 1 = 2 |
All these bitwise operators are used to perform various operations in complex numbers, such as AND, XOR, NOT and more operators.
6. Comparison Operators
The comparison operator in Python is used to check and compare the two values using the simple boolean results such as true or false.
| Operator | Meaning | Example |
| == | Equal to | 5 == 5 → True |
| != | Not equal to | 5 != 3 → True |
| > | Greater than | 5 > 3 → True |
| < | Less than | 5 < 3 → False |
| >= | Greater or equal to | 5 >= 5 → True |
| <= | Less or equal to | 5 <= 3 → False |
We have provided the meaning with a simple basic example for the boolean data types. Let us take a simple example to understand Python operators.
| print(10 > 5, 10 == 10, 10 != 5) |
Output
 |
7. Identity Operators
The identity operators in Python programming are used to compare memory locations.
- The “is” identity operator in Python is used to compare whether or not the both variables are the same. If the same then we return true. For example, a is b, is it true? But we know that it is not true and hence we are false as a value.
- The “is not” operator is used to compare whether or not a following element is present in the list, tuple or other containers. We compare whether the elements are not the same. For example, a is not b is true as both variables are different.
Note: We can only compare a and b when they have been assigned with a value inside. Let us take a simple example to understand the Python operators in detail.
| a = [1, 2]
b = a c = [1, 2] print(a is b) print(a is c) |
Output
 |
8. Concatenation Operators
This operator is used to combine sequences or strings in Python. These python operators are used to add two or more variables from the end. Let us understand concatenation operators using an example below
| # String concatenation
greet = “Hello” + ” ” + “World” print(greet) list1 = [1, 2] list2 = [3, 4] print(list1 + list2) |
Output
 |
Can We Compare Strings In Python?
We have comparison operators to compare Python elements in a program. In this program, we will be comparing Python strings to compare string objects. You can convert the strings into the alphabet into Unicode using the ord() predefined method in Python. Let us know how to start comparing Strings in Python.
| str1 = “apple”
str2 = “banana” print(str1 == str2) print(str1 != str2) print(str1 < str2) print(str1 > str2) |
Output
 |
In this example, String comparison in Python programming is based on the lexicographic order. In Python, comparison takes place between the unicode (ASCII) value of each character.
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Python Operators FAQs
Q1. What are Python operators?
Ans: Python Operators are special symbols available in Python programming which is used to perform various operations on variables and values. These computational operators are used to perform operations based on simplification.
Q2. What are the types of Python operators?
Ans: Arithmetic operators, identity operators, comparison operators, concatenation operators, boolean operators, assignment operators, and more are some examples of Python operators.
Q3. What is an Arithmetic operator?
Ans: The Python arithmetic operator comprises addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. You can easily perform all these operations using the double Python arithmetic operator.
Q4. What are the types of boolean operator?
Ans: Python booleans are of two types namely true and false. If the expression satisfies the condition it evaluates to true while if it does not satisfy the condition, it evaluates to false.
