C language stands as one of the oldest and most influential programming languages globally. Combining the functionality of high-level languages and low-level languages, it’s often described as a middle-level language. Known for its portability, clean coding style, and direct hardware interaction, C programming language has extensive use in developing operating systems and embedded software.
This language being the oldest Programming language, is also considered as the foundation for various other programming languages, earning it the title of the ‘mother language.’
In this article, we will get insights into the Basics to C Programming, tracing its historical roots, highlighting its key features and applications, understanding the workings of C programming, and more.
Basics To C Programming – Key Takeaways
- Understanding the concept and history of C language.
- Understanding Basics to C Programming including Step-by-step working and key terminologies.
- Learning the advantages and applications of C programming Language.
What Is C Programming Language
C programming is a versatile programming language created in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs. It’s often used for tasks like building operating systems, small embedded systems, and much more. C is designed in a structured way using functions and modules, and it supports common programming features like loops, if-statements, and pointers.
When you write a program in C, a special tool called a compiler changes it into a computer language before running it.
C was developed to solve problems faced by earlier programming languages like B. Many modern languages like Java and JavaScript have borrowed ideas from C. It’s still widely used today, especially for making software for tiny computers that control devices, for creating games, doing complex math, and other tasks that need fast performance and careful use of memory.
History Of C Language
The C programming language was developed as a successor to the B language by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs in the early 1970s. C was designed with the goal of creating a programming language that could offer high-level abstraction while also allowing for close interaction with hardware and system-level programming.
One of the motivations behind creating C was to provide a portable and efficient language for developing the UNIX operating system, which was also being developed at Bell Labs during that time. C’s design borrowed elements from earlier languages like B, but it also introduced new features and improvements at that time, which made it more versatile and powerful.
In 1978, the first edition of “The C Programming Language,” was published. This book played a significant role in popularizing C and became a standard reference for programmers learning the language.
Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, C gained widespread adoption and became one of the most popular programming languages. Its simplicity, efficiency, and ability to work closely with hardware made it suitable for a wide range of applications, from system programming to application development.
After its widespread popularity, C Language also served as the foundation for many other Programming languages. For example, C++ was developed as an extension of C, adding object-oriented programming features, while Java borrowed syntax and concepts from C but introduced the concept of platform independence.
Today, C remains a fundamental language in computer science and software development. Despite the emergence of newer languages and technologies, C continues to be used extensively in areas like embedded systems, system programming, game development, scientific computing, and more. Its legacy as a powerful and influential programming language continues to shape the world of software engineering.
Advantages Of C
- Fast & Efficient: C is known for its efficiency in terms of execution speed and memory usage. It allows developers to write code that runs quickly and consumes minimum system resources, making it suitable for performance.
- Portability: C programs are generally portable, meaning they can be compiled and executed on different platforms with minor or no modifications. This portability is crucial for writing code that can run on various operating systems and hardware architectures.
- Wide Application Range: C is versatile and can be used for a wide range of applications, from system programming to application development. Its flexibility makes it a preferred choice for many developers.
- Procedural Language: C follows a procedural programming feature, which gives step-by-step instructions for solving problems. This structured approach makes it easier to organize and manage code, leading to better code maintenance and readability.
- Scalability: C is a scalable language, allowing developers to start with small programs and gradually expand them into larger, more complex applications. This scalability is beneficial for projects that need to grow and evolve over time.
- Great Compatibility: C language compatibility with other Programming languages and platforms ensures seamless integration with modern technologies.
Basic Structure Of C Program
| #include <stdio.h>
int main() { printf(“Hello, My name is Sahil! \n”); return 0; } |
| Output:
Hello, My Name is Sahil! |
Basic Explanation of Syntax of the above code-
| Command | Description |
| #include<stdio.h> | It is a Preprocessor directive in C that is used to include the standard input-output library in a C program. |
| Int main() | It is the main function from where the execution of the C program starts. |
| { | This indicates the beginning of the main function. |
| Printf(“ “) | This command is used for printing the value written inside the bracket. |
| Return 0; | This is used to terminate the C program and return the function to 0. |
Step-by-Step Working Of C Program
Let us understand the step-by-step working of the C program, seeing the different stages of the Program from writing to termination.
- Writing the Code: First, you write the C program code using a text editor. The code includes declarations, functions, control structures, and other necessary elements. Once the code is written, you save it with a ‘.c’ extension. For example, ‘hello.c’.
- Compilation: Next, you compile the C program using a compiler (such as GCC, or Visual Studio Compiler). The compiler translates the human-readable C code into machine-readable instructions.
- Preprocessing: Before compilation, the compiler performs preprocessing. This involves handling preprocessor directives (e.g., `#include`, `#define`, `#ifdef`) and replacing them with appropriate code.
- Linking: If your program consists of multiple source files or uses external libraries, the linker combines the object files into a single executable file.
- Execution: To run the C program, you execute the generated executable file. The operating system loads the program into memory and starts executing instructions from the `main` function, following the sequence of statements and control flow specified in the code. Input/output operations, function calls, loops, and conditional statements are executed as per the program logic.
- Termination: After executing all statements in the “main” function, the program terminates and The operating system releases memory resources allocated to the program.
Key Terminology in Basics To C Programming
| Terminology | Description |
| Variable | The variable is a named location in a memory that is used to store value. |
| Data Type | The data type in C determines the type of Data that variable wants to store. It can be Integer, character, floating-point, Boolean, etc. |
| Function | It is a named block in code that is used to perform a specific task. |
| Pointer | Pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. |
| Array | A collection of variables of the same data type that are stored in a sequential manner. |
| Operator | A symbol is used to perform different arithmetic and logical operations on one or more values. Some examples of operators commonly used include- (+, -, *, /, etc) |
| Loop | A Feature that allows a block of code to be executed repeatedly.
Some most common loops in C programs include- For Loop, While loop, and Do-while Loop. |
| Condition | A logical statement that determines either true or false of the program.
An else-if statement is a common example of a conditional statement widely used in C programs. |
Who Should Learn C Programming?
C programming is a great choice for anyone who wants to build a strong foundation in computer programming. Here are some people who should consider learning basics to C programming:
- Beginners in Programming: If you are new to programming, C is a good starting point. It helps you understand how computers work at a fundamental level, such as memory management and basic operations.
- Aspiring Software Developers: If you want to become a software developer, especially in fields like system programming, game development, or embedded systems, C is essential. Many operating systems and game engines are written in C.
- Embedded Systems Enthusiasts: If you’re interested in working with hardware or developing software for small devices like microcontrollers, learning C is crucial. It allows you to write efficient code that can run on limited hardware.
- Programmers Looking to Understand Low-Level Operations: If you already know higher-level languages like Python or Java, learning C can give you a deeper understanding of how your programs interact with the computer’s hardware.
Start Your Programming Journey With PW Skills
Unlock your potential with the PW Skills C++ with DSA Course, designed to make learning easy and flexible. Study at your own pace and on your own schedule, ensuring you fully understand each topic before moving on. As you progress, you’ll create a project portfolio that showcases your abilities and gets you ready for job opportunities. Our course also includes training to improve your communication and presentation skills, helping you make an impressive resume and LinkedIn profile. Plus, you’ll join our PW Skills-wide and supportive alumni network, offering valuable connections and mentorship.
What are you waiting for? Join Now, to get exciting offers!
Basics To C Programming FAQs
What is C programming?
C programming is a powerful, general-purpose programming language developed in the early 1970s. It is widely used for system programming, developing operating systems, and creating software for embedded systems.
Why should I learn C programming?
Learning C programming provides a solid foundation in programming concepts, helps you understand how computers work at a low level and is essential for many technical fields like system programming, game development, and embedded systems.
Is C programming difficult to learn?
C programming can be challenging for beginners because it involves understanding detailed concepts like pointers, memory management, and manual resource handling. However, with regular practice and dedication, it becomes manageable.
What can I build with C programming?
C Programming language helps you in various applications, including building system software, operating systems, embedded systems software, game engines, etc.
